RO System Manual
Table of Contents
Manual Overview
Operation Manual for Reverse Osmosis (RO) System
This manual applies to reverse osmosis water treatment systems that use municipal tap water, groundwater, seawater, or similar as feedwater (including single-stage RO, two-stage RO, EDI units, and associated pretreatment/post-treatment units). Its purpose is to standardize operational procedures, ensure stable system operation, extend equipment service life, and guarantee that the product water quality meets design requirements (subject to actual project specifications).
This manual is based on common processes of various RO systems. Actual operation shall be adjusted according to the site-specific equipment configuration (such as the presence of EDI, ultrafiltration, softening filters, etc.) and must follow the technical parameters provided by the equipment manufacturer.
Operating Procedures
(I) Pre-Start Checks (Mandatory)
1. Basic Conditions
- Water Source: Feedwater pressure meets system requirements; flow rate satisfies system demand; feedwater conductivity meets design standards (based on project feedwater parameters).
- Power Supply: Voltage is stable and meets equipment requirements (including EDI power supply). Electrical cabinet is properly grounded; electrical components are intact and firmly connected.
- Environment: Operating temperature and humidity meet design conditions; no corrosive gases; drainage system functions properly (drainage trench dimensions meet capacity requirements).
2. Equipment Status Check
- Water Tanks: Feedwater tank level is above the minimum preset value; permeate tank level is below the maximum preset value. Level switches are correctly wired and operating normally.
- Filters: Quartz sand and activated carbon filters have completed backwash (if necessary). Security filter cartridges are not significantly clogged (pressure differential within normal range). Softener resin regeneration is completed (if applicable).
- Chemicals: Adequate antiscalant, pH adjusters, and other chemicals. No leakage in dosing pipelines; dosing pump connections are secure.
- EDI Unit (if applicable): Modules are firmly connected; inlet/outlet valves are open; concentrate and product water pipelines are unobstructed; EDI power wiring is correct; resistivity meter shows no faults.
- Valves: Feedwater inlet valve, filter inlet/outlet valves, RO permeate valve, concentrate control valve, EDI inlet/outlet valves are open. Bypass valves and drain valves are closed. Valves operate smoothly with no sticking.
- Instruments: Pressure gauges, conductivity meters, flow meters, and EDI resistivity meters show normal values and no alarms. Calibration is valid.
3. Safety Check
- High-pressure and EDI pipelines are intact, without cracks or corrosion. Membrane housings and EDI modules are securely fixed. Flange seals have no leakage.
- Emergency stop button is reset. Overload and leakage protection devices are enabled. Operators wear required PPE (protective gloves, anti-slip footwear, etc.).
(II) Start-Up Operation
1. Automatic Mode (Recommended)
- Switch on the electrical cabinet. After the touchscreen starts, log in using the designated permission level (three levels: Operator / Administrator / Senior Administrator).
- Click “System Start”. The system will run in sequence:
Feedwater pump → Pretreatment units → Antiscalant dosing system (if applicable) → High-pressure pump (after security filter outlet pressure stabilizes) → RO system → EDI system (after RO permeate quality meets standards, if applicable). - Monitor parameters on the touchscreen: feedwater pressure, high-pressure pump outlet pressure, RO permeate flow, EDI inlet/outlet pressure, permeate resistivity/conductivity. All must meet design values with no alarms.
- When the permeate tank reaches the high-level setpoint, the system shuts down automatically. When it drops to the low-level setpoint, the system restarts automatically.
2. Manual Mode (For Troubleshooting / Commissioning)
- Switch to the “Manual Control” screen.
- Start components sequentially: feedwater pump → filter backwash (if needed) → dosing pump → high-pressure pump → RO system → EDI system (after confirming RO permeate quality).
- After each unit starts, confirm that pressure, flow, and water quality are normal before proceeding.
- Manually adjust the concentrate control valve and EDI concentrate flow valve to maintain system recovery rate and EDI operating parameters within design limits.
(III) Operation Monitoring
1. Key Monitoring Parameters (Record hourly)
- Pressure: Feed pump outlet pressure, filter differential pressure, high-pressure pump inlet/outlet pressure, RO membrane differential pressure, EDI differential pressure.
- Water Quality: Feedwater conductivity, RO permeate conductivity, EDI product water resistivity/conductivity, residual chlorine (before RO membrane).
- Flow: Feed flow, RO permeate flow, concentrate flow, EDI concentrate flow—must match design ratios.
- Tank Levels: Feedwater tank and permeate tank liquid levels remain within normal range.
- EDI Monitoring: Power supply is normal; product water resistivity is stable with no alarms.
2. Handling Abnormal Conditions
- Pressure Abnormality:
- HP pump pressure high → system stops automatically; check concentrate valve blockage or RO scaling.
- Pressure low → check feed pump or clogged filters.
- EDI differential pressure abnormal → check fouling or blockage.
- Poor Water Quality:
- RO permeate conductivity high → check pretreatment, membrane fouling/damage.
- EDI resistivity low → check RO permeate quality, EDI fouling, power supply.
- Insufficient Flow:
Check feed pump, filter blockage, pipeline leaks/blockage; clean or replace components as needed.
(IV) Shutdown Procedure
1. Normal Shutdown
- Click “System Stop”. The stopping sequence is:
EDI → High-pressure pump → Feedwater pump & dosing pump (after delay) → Automatic RO flushing → Valve reset. - Turn off the power and close the feedwater inlet valve.
- Record shutdown time, parameters, and equipment status.
2. Emergency Shutdown
- In case of leakage, sudden pressure increase, electrical faults, etc., press the emergency stop button immediately.
- Cut off power and water, identify and resolve faults, flush RO membranes manually before restarting, and check EDI status (if applicable).
(V) Cleaning Operation (CIP Cleaning)
1. Cleaning Conditions
- RO differential pressure exceeds allowable increase.
- Permeate flow decreases beyond preset limits.
- Permeate conductivity/resistivity exceeds standards despite normal pretreatment.
- System reaches recommended cleaning interval.
- EDI product water resistivity drops and cannot be restored through adjustments.
2. Cleaning Steps
- Prepare cleaning chemicals:
- Acidic cleaner (for scaling)
- Alkaline cleaner (for organic fouling)
- EDI cleaning agent (per manufacturer specifications)
- RO Cleaning:
Fill cleaning tank → add chemicals → circulate per membrane manufacturer guidelines → rinse with permeate until no residue remains. - EDI Cleaning (if applicable):
Switch to cleaning loop → circulate with EDI cleaning solution → rinse until resistivity recovers. - Restore normal piping and run system to verify operation.
3. Pretreatment Backwash
- Quartz sand and activated carbon filters backwash automatically at preset intervals.
- Manual backwash available via touchscreen when required.
Maintenance
1. Daily Maintenance
- Check chemical levels and refill as needed.
- Clean surface dust/water stains; keep equipment environment tidy.
- Inspect pipes, valves, dosing pumps, and EDI modules for leakage.
- Review alarm logs, resolve issues, and monitor RO/EDI water quality parameters.
2. Periodic Maintenance
| Equipment / Component | Maintenance Interval | Maintenance Details |
| --------------------- | -------------------- | ------------------- |
| Security filter cartridges | Every few months (based on operation) | Replace when differential pressure rises |
| Final microfilter cartridges | Every few months | Replace regularly to prevent contamination |
| Quartz sand | 1–2 years | Inspect performance and replace if degraded |
| Activated carbon | 1–2 years | Replace when chlorine removal effect declines |
| RO membranes | Several years | Replace when performance cannot be restored by cleaning |
| EDI modules | 3–5 years | Clean regularly; replace if performance deteriorates |
| EDI power supply | 1 year | Check wiring and calibrate output |
| Dosing pumps | 6 months | Calibrate flow; replace aging seals |
| Instrument calibration | 6 months | Calibrate gauges, meters, resistivity instruments |
| Pipeline cleaning | 1 year | Clean RO housings and pipelines |
3. Long-Term Shutdown Maintenance
- For shutdowns longer than one week, immerse RO membranes and EDI modules in protective solution and replace periodically.
- Drain and clean tanks; remove residual water to prevent biological growth.
- Disconnect power and water; protect equipment from dust, moisture, and corrosion.
Common Troubleshooting
| Issue | Possible Cause | Solution |
| ----- | -------------- | -------- |
| High RO permeate conductivity (no EDI) | Pretreatment failure; membrane fouling; improper pH adjustment | Replace cartridges, wash filters, clean/replace RO membranes, adjust pH chemicals |
| Low EDI product resistivity | Poor RO permeate quality; EDI fouling; power supply fault; abnormal concentrate flow | Check RO; clean EDI; repair power supply; adjust concentrate valve |
| Low product flow | Insufficient feed pressure; clogged filters; RO scaling; pump issues; EDI blockage | Check feedwater; clean/replace filters; clean RO; check pump; clean EDI |
| HP pump not starting | Low tank level; pressure switch fault; power issue; emergency stop not reset | Increase level; replace switch; check power; reset E-stop |
| EDI not starting | Poor RO permeate; power fault; level switch not triggered; valves closed | Check RO; repair power; check tank levels; open valves |
| Pipeline leakage | Aging seals; valve damage; corrosion; EDI connection issues | Replace seals/valves; repair or replace pipelines; tighten or replace EDI seals |
Safety Guidelines
- Electrical Safety: Do not touch electrical cabinet or EDI power supply with wet hands. Disconnect power before maintenance and use “Under Maintenance” tags.
- Pressure Safety: Fully depressurize pipelines before disassembling membrane housings, EDI modules, or flanges.
- Chemical Safety: Wear gloves and goggles when handling chemicals. In case of leakage, flush the area with plenty of water. Store EDI chemicals as per manufacturer instructions.
- Operational Safety: Operators must be professionally trained. Do not modify PLC parameters or overload the system.
- Emergency Response:
- Fire → cut power and use dry powder extinguisher.
- Electric shock → cut power first, then rescue and call emergency services.
This section provides comprehensive documentation for all products in the RO System category. Please select a specific product below to view its detailed manual.
Available Products
5 Cubic Meters Per Hour - RO Pure Water System
0.5 Cubic Meters Per Hour - RO Pure Water System
8m³/h Ultrafiltration + 5m³/h Reverse Osmosis System
2 Cubic Meters Per Hour - RO Pure Water System
0.25 Cubic Meters Per Hour - RO Pure Water System
1.5 Cubic Meters Per Hour - RO Seawater Desalination System
1.5 cubic meters per hour - RO pure water system
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