Shallow Sand Filter Manual
Table of Contents
Manual Overview
Shallow Sand Filter Operation Instructions
I. Description
The JX series sand filter utilizes a certain thickness of sand bed to filter out organic and inorganic solid suspended matter, colloidal particles, microorganisms, etc., in raw water, ultimately achieving the efficient filtration of high-quality water by reducing water turbidity. The structure is simple, the technology is mature, and it offers a high cost-performance ratio, making it widely applicable.
The JX series sand filter filtration system can be composed of one or more standard high-speed filtration units. The raw water passes through internal water distributors, filter beds, and water collectors, effectively removing suspended matter and reducing turbidity. (If specific filter media, such as activated carbon, anthracite, etc., are used, it can also adsorb and remove corresponding organic substances and harmful ions.)
The JX series mechanical filter units range from 16" (400mm) to 60" (1500mm) in various standard series. Custom series can also be provided according to customer requirements, offering the most economical and practical combination for customers.
The JX series sand filter can function as an independent filtration system or as a side filtration system. If multiple processing units are installed on a common pipeline, the system's filtration capacity can be expanded indefinitely.
The JX series sand filter can operate stably for a long time with low pressure loss in high-flow conditions, providing energy savings, environmental protection, and minimal maintenance.
II. Working Principle
When the system is in filtration mode, untreated water passes through the water distributor at the top of the filter, in conjunction with a spherical housing, flowing through the media layer in a near-co-current state. As water flows through the media layer, impurities are trapped within the media layer, and the collector at the bottom of the filter uniformly collects and discharges the filtered water. The co-current filtration determines that the filter can achieve good filtration effects even at high flow rates.
As impurities continuously accumulate in the media layer, the inlet and outlet pressure difference will increase. When the pressure difference reaches a certain set limit or the filtration time reaches a set value, the system will automatically enter the backwash state to clean the media layer and remove accumulated impurities. For the system, periodic backwashing to remove accumulated impurities is necessary.
When the system enters the backwash state, the control system changes the on-off position of the three-way valve (inlet closed, drain open). Filtered water from other filter units flows into the unit to be backwashed. Due
to the internal water pressure of the system, the media layer of the backwashed unit is lifted by the impact of the water flow, and impurities are discharged through the drain of the three-way drain valve.
Once the backwash is complete, the valve returns to the filtration state, and the next filter unit enters the backwash state. Typically, a system consists of multiple filter units that backwash sequentially to ensure continuous flow during backwashing.
III. Application
- Industrial process water filtration – for the protection and filtration of water used in industrial processes such as nozzles and heat exchange stations.
- Industrial circulating water filtration – used in industries such as steel, metallurgy, papermaking, heat exchangers, power generation, petrochemicals, and food systems.
- Raw water treatment filtration – applied to filter water from various sources, including surface water, rivers, lakes, and seawater.
- Irrigation filtration – employed for water filtration in agriculture, parks, municipal areas, and golf courses.
- Water filtration for industries such as aquaculture, swimming facilities, and water parks.
IV. Performance and Structural Features
- The filtration system adopts a modular design, allowing flexible combinations of multiple filter units based on required flow rates and space considerations.
- The backwash system is simple, requiring no backwash pump, easy to operate, and ensures consistent filtration performance.
- The filtration system automatically initiates backwashing using various methods such as time and pressure difference. It operates fully automatically, with each filter unit undergoing backwashing sequentially, and backwashing does not interrupt water production.
- The water distributor ensures even distribution, and backwashing is thorough with high efficiency and minimal water usage.
- The system has a small footprint, allowing flexible arrangement of filter units based on actual land conditions.
- The system is lightweight and does not require a special foundation, typically suitable for a cement surface.
- Quick-opening manhole covers enable rapid and convenient opening and closing.
- The plug-in filter cap has a simple structure, high strength, easy installation, and reliable fixation.
- Uniform water distribution ensures thorough backwashing without dead spots.
- The filter housing is manufactured on an automatic welding line, ensuring uniform and reliable quality that can withstand higher pressure.
- The filter housing, both inside and outside, and pipes are coated using an electrostatic powder spraying process. This provides resistance against sewage corrosion, UV radiation, meeting outdoor installation requirements.
- Optimized design for an aesthetically pleasing appearance.
V. Technical Specification
Filter Media
Filter Layer: The filter is equipped with a single layer or multiple layers of filter media based on the raw water quality and water use requirements.
Natural quartz sand (sea sand): 0.6-1.0 millimeters (Industrial option) Natural quartz sand (sea sand): 1.0-2.0 millimeters (Agricultural option) Natural quartz sand (sea sand): 2.0-4.0 millimeters (Agricultural option)
Operating Pressure: 0.1-0.6 MPa
Backwash Intensity: 4-12 L/s.m2, Expansion Rate: 25-45%
VI. Operation Procedure
1. Commissioning
a. Check that the filter is installed in the correct direction of water flow.
b. Verify that all pipeline connections are correct and joints are secure.
c. Ensure all control circuits are connected correctly.
2. Startup
a. Open the inlet valve and outlet valve to allow water to enter the filter. Open the air release valve to release air. When air release is complete, indicating that the filter system is filled with water, check the inlet pressure. It is preferable to have the pressure within the range of 0.2-0.4 MPa. Check the system for proper sealing. Adjust the inlet and outlet valve to maintain the water pressure between 0.2-0.4 MPa. Note: The system pressure should not exceed 0.6 MPa to avoid damage to the filter.
b. Power on and initiate manual backwashing. During backwashing, a small amount of water will be discharged from the three-way valve body, which is normal.
c. Manually control the solenoid valve to sequentially backwash the corresponding filter unit, typically backwashing for at least 10 minutes. This action effectively removes small impurities from the new sand.
d. Control parameter settings:
i. Initial settings: Backwash time for each unit is 30 seconds; adjust parameters based on operational conditions.
ii. Backwash cycle: 8 hours; adjust parameters based on operational conditions.
3. Shutdown and Maintenance
a. Before shutdown, turn off the control system, then close the inlet and outlet valves. Open the air release valve to release the water from the filter. Replace the filter media or water cap as needed.
4. Precautions:
4.1 Backwashing flow should be sufficient to expand the filter media and completely flush out organic and lighter impurities than the filter media. The drain pipe is equipped with a backwashing flow control valve. During backwashing, open the backwashing flow control valve and use a 100-mesh filter or nylon stocking to collect backwashing water, checking for any filter media being flushed out. Once filter media is detected, stop opening the backwashing flow control valve and lock it in this position, which should not be changed later.
4.2 While it is not necessary to install a mesh or disc filter at the outlet when using this filter, it is recommended, if economically feasible, to enhance the overall safety of the drip irrigation system.
Manual Backwashing:
Regular manual backwashing is necessary.
Reasons for Manual Backwashing:
a. Routine filter inspection operations.
b. Emergency cleaning of the filter.
c. Pre-draining before filter maintenance.
Normal Factory State:
a. The three-way drain valve water-driven manual backwashing switch is set in the middle position (automatic). Turn the switch to the left to start backwashing and to the right to stop backwashing.
VII.Maintenance
Weekly Maintenance:
Check the inlet and outlet pressures. Inspect the system for leaks.
Verify the correct functioning of the controller.
Ensure all valves are in their designated positions.
Monthly Maintenance:
Run and check if the pressure difference triggers backwashing properly. If not, clear the high and low-pressure signal pipes.
Inspect and maintain the backwashing valve. Inspect and maintain the solenoid valves.
Check the inlet and outlet pressures.
Review statistical data, analyze the system's performance based on the data, optimize operational parameters as needed, and clear operational statistics.
Winter Preparation:
If the system is not operational, drain the filter and accumulated water in the system.
Filter Media Maintenance:
Every two years, stop the system, open the handholes on the filter units, inspect the height and contamination level of the filter media, and replace it if necessary. The procedure for replacing filter media is as follows:
Stop the system and open the lower handhole to discharge the filter media.
Check if the inside of the filter unit is intact, if the water cap interface is normal, and if all inlet water pipes are in place.
Loading sand: Load the filter media through the upper handhole. For fine filtration, start by loading coarse sand. When the coarse sand just covers the water cap, add fine sand. The height of the fine sand should not be less than 12 centimeters but should not exceed the specified sand loading line (about 40 centimeters). Generally, the thicker the filter bed, the better the filtration effect, but the greater the head loss and the poorer the backwashing effect.
VIII.BACCARA Controller Manual
The Baccara filtration controller combines the functionalities of a controller and a differential pressure (DP) three- wire pressure sensor. The controller has seven wires.
There are two versions of the controller: direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC), both equipped with two- wire latching solenoid valves (G75, 4 ohms).
The AC version utilizes G75 24V AC solenoid valves. Each controller can operate up to three solenoid valves. The controller displays the actual pressure difference and the set pressure difference, initiating the flush cycle (FC) when the actual value exceeds the set value.
Display:
Actual pressure difference Set pressure difference Flush cycle (FC) counter
Water tap icon displayed during FC operation
A low battery icon appears when the battery needs replacement.
Mechanical
• Operating Temperature: -10ºC to +60ºC
• Protection Level: IP66
• UV Protection
• Maximum Pressure: 14 bar / 200 psi
Electrical
• Power Supply: DC 9V Battery AC Unit: 24V AC
• Internal memory retains settings in case of power loss
Installation
DP: 2" / 52mm diameter
2 feet / 60cm. 3-wire cable
High and low-pressure ports: 1/8" BSP / NPT male threads The port on the housing marked 'H' is the high-pressure port. Note: High-pressure must be connected before low-pressure.
Automatic
This mode is the operating mode. Displays the counter value.
Displays DIF and SET values.
In FC, the faucet icon will open, and the operation valve number will flash.
When the battery is low, the battery icon will blink. Detection:
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Display will turn off (blank) after one minute if no button is pressed (standby?). Pressing any button will turn on the display.
Actual pressure exceeds the set pressure, continuous measurement of the sample, FC starts. FC ends one minute after the last valve is closed.
Operating Mode
OFF: This mode is used for the off-season or when stopping the automatic mode. LD displays OFF, and no pressure measurement process occurs.
Short press MODE key (0.5 seconds) to move the controller mode from automatic to off or backward.
FC counter reset: Flashing when switching from automatic mode to MODE and +. After pressing MODE and —, the counter is reset to zero.
Manual Backwash: Start backwash from automatic mode by pressing SET and +. Display hands and faucets, valves, and operation valve # flash. When backwashing is complete, return to automatic mode.
To stop manual backwashing, press MODE and —. Backwashing will stop and return to automatic mode. Factory Settings: These settings cannot be programmed by the user.
• Pressure unit: bar
• FC delay: Continuous readings twice DIF? Set before FC starts.
• Sampling interval: Automatic, as DIF gets closer to the SET point, the interval Sample time shortened.
Max. Interval 60 seconds/ Interval 5 seconds.
• Closing time between valves during FC: 20 seconds.
• Continuous FC counter count Alarm: 5 counts
• Sensor calibration Programmable Settings
Valve opening time: Default: 40 seconds. Range (5 minutes 59 seconds) same time for all values.
To set the valve opening time, press MODE until the following display appears:
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Use + and - to adjust seconds. Press SET to continue. Use + and - to adjust minutes. Press SET to complete the setup.
Interval time between backwashes default: A
This interval value will be the maximum. If the time between two consecutive backwashes is DIFF Pressure does not perform backwashing. Range (23 hours: 59 minutes A)
If A is selected, ignore this setting.
Set the interval time between FCs
Press MODE (one long press), then one short press. The display below is shown:
Select the valve number.
Valve #2 operation or #3.
To + select Valve #1. Valve #1 is solid, Valve #2 blinks. Or use - to deselect Valve #1. Valve #1 disappears, Valve #2 blinks.
Repeat the above steps for Valves 2 and 3.
This section provides comprehensive documentation for all products in the Shallow Sand Filter category. Please select a specific product below to view its detailed manual.
Available Products
SS304-30-2-Shallow Sand Filter
SS304-60-4-Shallow Sand Filter
Carbon Steel-60-4-Shallow Sand Filter
Carbon Steel-48-4-Shallow Sand Filter
SS304-42-8-Shallow Sand Filter
Package Size：2-4500x1070x2450
SS304-48-8-Shallow Sand Filter
Package Size：2-5200x1263x2450
48-3 Shallow Sand Filter
Carbon Steel-48-2-Shallow Sand Filter
SS304-48-2-Shallow Sand Filter
Carbon Steel-36-2-Shallow Sand Filter
Carbon Steel-42-8-Shallow Sand Filter
Package Size：2-4500x1070x2450
Carbon Steel-48-8-Shallow Sand Filter
Package Size：2-5200x1263x2450
Carbon Steel-24-3-Mutimedia Filter
Carbon Steel-24-2-Mutimedia Filter
Carbon Steel-42-3-Shallow Sand Filter
Carbon Steel-42-2-Shallow Sand Filter
SS304-42-4-Shallow Sand Filter
Shallow Sand Filter
SS304-42-2-Shallow Sand Filter
SS304-42-3-Shallow Sand Filter
SS304-36-3-Shallow Sand Filter
Carbon Steel-36-3-Shallow Sand Filter
Carbon Steel-48-3-Shallow Sand Filter
SS304-48-4-Shallow Sand Filter
Carbon Steel-36-4-Shallow Sand Filter
SS304-36-2-Shallow Sand Filter
Carbon Steel-28-2-Mutimedia Filter
SS304-48-3-Shallow Sand Filter
SS304-48-6-Shallow Sand Filter
Package Size：2-4000x1263x2450
SS316-48-2-Shallow Sand Filter
SS304-24-2-Mutimedia Filter
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